Friday, August 9, 2013

10. How to become an economist.

Over the next 1000 days I will make you an economist - just send me an email - to proplib at gmail dot com! Use the words "Make me an Economist" in the subject line.
On a more or less daily basis I will be giving you the theoretical underpinnings of what you would require to be "an economist" so if you are a reporter at a newspaper, work in an economics related unit in an organisation... join me and see where it takes us.- I intend taking you through at least what would be equivalent to the three year's of study in Economics in a B-degree over the next 1000 days.

Send me an email - CU tomorrow. This activity is very experimental, but I will attempt to add value to the amount of time that you spend following me.

Thursday, November 8, 2012

9. People argue from their vested interests.

Look at this article by Kevin Lovell, CEO of the South African Poultry Association. http://www.farmingportal.co.za/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=1755:sa-chicken-farmers-are-being-roasted So, in the end they did introduce a tariff to stem the flow of "Dumping". Who were the losers. Not the wealthy that own and have shares in the the large chicken companies, but the poor - the millions that benefited from cheap protein in the form of cheap imported chicken.

This is a case where we were receiving "foreign aid" in the form of foreign country's taxpayers paying for our chicken! and what do we do - say no. This was one opportunity to lower our cost base so that we can become more competitive in the international arena. Now workers have to be paid more to afford the more expensive local chicken.

We shot ourselves in the foot once more by introducing heavy import tax on chicken. And remember in this interconnected marketplace - for every chicken that we do not import it is a a bag of oranges that we cannot export - they cannot buy if they can't sell. So we are all worse off because of interventionist policies.

Tuesday, October 30, 2012

8.

Saturday, October 27, 2012

7 Afrikaanse kinderstorie

! Die tyd gaan verby. Greon begin hemde maak en Roi broeke. Greon het ‘n Hempmaakbesigheid Roi het ‘n Broekmaakbesigheid. Die hempbesigheid het nou 100 hemde. Die broekbesigheid het nou 20 broeke. Greon vir Roi – “Ek ruil een hemp vir een van jou broeke. Hulle se dis gaaf – kom ons maak so. Hulle ruil een hemp vir een broek. Hulle is albei gelukkig. Greon is gelukkig want hy is al ‘n bietje moeg om net een ou broek te dra – Die broek wat hy nou dra sit te lekker aan sy lyf. Roi is gelukkig want hy is al ‘n bietje moeg om net een hemp elke dag te dra – Die hemp wat hy nou dra laat hom alte netjies lyk…hy is al ‘n bietjie moeg vir sy ou verslete hemp. ‘n Dag of twee gaan verby. Greon sĂȘ vir Roi – “Ek is weer lus vir een van jou broeke. Ek gee vir jou een van my hemde vir een van jou broeke. Roi se – dis ‘n bietjie van ‘n probleem vir my ek het nie meer so baie materiaal vir broeke nie. Hoekom gee jy nie vir my drie van jou hemde vir ‘n broek nie dan kan ek iets kry om te eet en materiaal koop. Greon se nee dit is ‘n bietje kwai gaaf, ek gee jou drie hemde dan gee jy my twee broeke dan kan eek ook iets kry om te eet – Hulle toe “kom ons maak so”. Hulle ruil twee broeke vir drie hemde. Hulle is albei gelukkig. Roi is gelukkig want hy het nou drie hemde vir twee broeke gekry. Roi neem toe een van die hemde en ruil een vir ‘n brood met Mnr Roodt en die ander vir materiaal met Mat. Greon neem een van die broeke en koop ‘n vis by Mnr Visser. Almal is gelukkig met hulle transaksies want almal het iets wat hulle nie gehad het nie gekry in ruil vir iets wat hulle baie van het. Die volgende dag gebeur daar toe ‘n snaakse ding...

Friday, July 13, 2012

6. How to kill an economy and destroy jobs.

If I were asked to “destroy jobs in SA” what would I do?

Ensure that everybody in a job is taxed as much as I can – it will surely destroy the incentive of wanting to work.

Ensure that everybody that is not in a job is paid an amount if he/she is registered as unemployed and offer grants for their children. Also make sure that social grants are increased as much as you can so that as many people as possible could benefit – it also increases the incentive not to work and have to care for their own.

One can also destroy jobs by introducing price controls – this limits profits and the incentive of growing businesses and employing more people.

Introduce price controls and taxes - it limits the profits companies make and have available to invest in additional machines and productive resources and thus reduce employment.

Impose high criteria for job entrants – these requirements will prevent young people and people without skills of entering the job market and so reduce their ability to learn informally and cheaply on the job. These hurdles for new entrants can be couched under the guise of protecting the public or keeping out the riff-raff – the effect will be the same: keeping less educated out of the possibility of getting a job and learning while performing entry level tasks. The vested interest groups of the "professions" act as huge barriers to the not so privileged to enter particular markets

Make it difficult for companies to fire people – this will make them reluctant to employ people in the first place.

A surefire way of destroying jobs is just to pile up the bureaucracy – BEE reports, FICA, credit act, forms, reports, tax clearance certificates, - this will keep productive organisations too busy to produce wealth and jobs.

Create many government bodies that rely on the private sector to populate committees, project teams, and governance boards. Change the way things are done on a regular basis - this ensures that attendance to conferences and workshops occupy the productive time of people that could be used to the creation of goods and services.

Establishing a bloated public service is a method of destroying real work - by real work is meant – producing goods and services other people want and are prepared to pay for.

Get governments to hold a monopoly on key industries on hospitals, public transport, postal services, electricity generation, protection services, refuse removal and schooling – such competition from subsidised organisations just puts in that extra hurdle in the path of the entrepreneur that can do it more cheaply, more efficiently, create innovative solutions to problems and through his actions – creates real work.


Tax is the best way to destroy jobs – the more one taxes anything the less one has of it. This is where the focus should lie in keeping people poor and jobless. One should leave no stone unturned to tax and ensure that taxes are increased are paid for by the productive sector of the economy. High import taxes also increase the cost of production to make our exports uncompetitive - this also vause the economy to shed jobs...

These taxes should be also be used to make government bigger – this will make it look as if one is growing employment, but what one is in fact doing is exactly what ticks do to the animal they are living off. They are thriving while the animal (economy) is dying. A sure way of killing jobs.

Encourage minimum wages - most entry level economy students will be able to tell you that supply of labour will increase - but the very demand for that labour will decrease. Here is an extract from an FMF article that clearly highlights the problem: "Another job-stopper is the minimum wage. COSATU’s Patrick Craven says the IMF is wrong to suggest that labour unions should commit to “wage restraint”. He says that even higher wages will bring about higher economic growth by stimulating consumer sales. Let’s take this argument to the extreme to see if it is valid. Pass a law that says every worker must be paid R50,000 per month. How many businesses would survive and how many people would still have jobs? Common sense tells us that such a high minimum wage would cause massive job losses. It also tells us that at any level, enforced minimum wages cause some degree of unemployment. There is no escape."


Punish people for employing people - By making it very difficult to get rid of people that do not perform well and imposing onerous processes to sever the relationship with employees by employers, one limits the willingness by employers to enter into a mutually beneficial relationship in the first place. This leads to what can be termed as Regulatory unemployment: That is unemployment caused by laws and regulations. During the Apartheid years job reservation laws, pass laws and other measures caused hardship and misery through forced unemployment. In the same way do minimum wage laws, BEE legislation and other laws currently prohibit the entry into paid employment for many individuals and ensure that people who wish to enter the job market are restricted in doing so freely.


Encourage cronyism - get your comrades in the cader do the job rather than the best person for the job - that way you build the ongoing loyalty of the select few to your political hegemony.

Jobs are a result of economic growth - let us not kill the goose that lay the golden eggs: Free Market Capitalism

Sunday, April 15, 2012

5. Society

Society is a fiction. As is government. As is "the economy". These concepts only exist in the abstract. There are only individuals seeking their own self-interest. And in so doing they often band together to take by force that which does not belong to them. Most of the time however the collaborate voluntarily and make cosentual arrangements to assist one another by trading.

Some people may say it is my duty to ensure that a person in some rural town has running water. While the provision of running water may be a goal for a group of politicians that have organised themselves into a group called the National Party, the ANC or any other such grouping, what gives them the right to confiscate my wealth for that purpose? If I concede that they may have the right to do so because of the fact that we belong to a particular "society" - why do we draw the lines around "society" as being within the South African borders? If there is a more needy situation in Blantyre shouldn't the South African needs be made subservient to that - then why not Sudan - the Blantyre community is "well off" in relation to them. Surely society should encompass the whole of humanity. The question arises "Am I my brother's keeper?"

No, groups form, or rather band together, in order to exploit those that are weaker than them and at the bottom there is the individual who is rather defenseless against these onslaughts of SARS, the Mafia and other such groupings. C.M. Heydenrych

Friday, April 13, 2012

Post 3. The Economy - The bigger picture: National Income Accounting (micro and macroeconomics)

You need to grasp what is meant by "the economic cycle"

Macro-economics has to do with the total production of goods and services in an economy.
This would then also account for the total expenditure on those goods and services. The total income - which is earned by employing the factors of production will also be part of the national accounting system. Issues such as the total employmnet level in an economy, the general level of prices of the goods and services, the total supply of money in an economy will all be issues that will fall into the ambit of Macro-economics.

These processes are encapsulated in what is generally referred to as the "economic cycle"

In the first place it is important to understand that the economy consists of, or can be classified into, different sectors. Firstly one has the "households" on the one hand and "firms" on the other. These participants are the decision makers regarding the transactions that take place between them. These transactions - how many, what and the prices at which these transactions take place is studied in Miroeconomics (also called Price Theory).

Their relationship is also influenced by other participants, namely the Public sector (Government) and the foreign sector (imports and exports) and Financial Institutions. This expanded view is studied in Macroeconomis (obviously there will be an overlap between the two.



Decisions between the participants are influenced by the values that they attain when trading with one another. The households want the goods and services to satisfy their needs - the firms want what households have to offer - land, capital, labour and entrepreneurship. As one can see the split between firms and households is an artificial one because in reality they are the same entities - labour may be a slight exception, though labour is a very important source of financial capital in the form of savings (through pension funds and other instruments).

There are two characteristics which affects the decisions of the households and firms in deciding how much to spend on which resource - firstly it is the scarcity of the required resource for a particular purpose and secondly the alternate use to which a particular scarce resource can be employed.

This decision is led by the marginal value that can be attained by employing a particular resource for a particular purpose. This marginal value is expressed by the price of the resource or good. This process will be explained later when we look into marginal value.

The economic processes that the economist is interested in is: Production (price and quantity), how prices are formed in a market, the role of the entrepreneur, the effect of economic freedom versus control, the relationship between economic freedom and wealth creation, trade, consumption patterns, how some economic systems keep people poor, the effect of property rights regimes on the creation of income and wealth, the effect of government involvement in an economy, expenditure and so on.

It is also important that the student of economics understands what markets are and how they operate.

At this point it will be a useful investment of your time to read the Wikipedia article on Economics